Keynote Speakers

Space Informatics : Toward The Sustainable Space Development

Abstracts:

In 1957, the Soviet Union placed the world’s first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, into Earth’s orbit. Four months later, in 1958, the United States placed Explorer 1 satellite into orbit to measure energetic particles in space. The Explorer 1 satellite was the world’s first case of measuring the space environment in Earth’s orbit and transmitting the data to the ground with radio waves. After that, many countries have placed about 100 satellites a year into Earth’s orbit. After 2019, SpaceX has placed more than 1,000 satellites a year into Earth orbit and is building a system that enables communication between satellites and the ground in a mobile environment. It is Starlink.

About 10,000 satellites in Earth’s orbit are currently in operation. Space development has moved beyond rocket and satellite developments to utilizing information from space (space information or space informatics). Space informatics includes information on the Earth’s environment, disasters, space, lunar, and planetary environments, and satellite communications and broadcasting. Recently, there have been remarkable developments in positioning as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).

The effects of global warming are spreading to space, where satellites are orbiting. Global warming molecules such as CO₂ in space emit infrared rays into outer space. Therefore, the space becomes cooler. It is global cooling in space. It has been reported that the space has become colder by more than 20℃ in the last 100 years. The cooling of space causes a decrease in atmospheric density. While the decrease in atmospheric density has the advantage of reducing the atmospheric drag of satellites and making the time in orbit (lifetime), it also has the disadvantage of the longer lifetime of space debris, human-made objects in space, orbiting the Earth. Space debris consists of artificial objects such as nonfunctional spacecraft, abandoned launch vehicle stages, mission-related debris, and fragmentation debris from derelict rocket bodies and spacecraft breakup. There are more than 21,000 objects larger than 10 cm orbiting the Earth. It is estimated that 500,000 pieces of debris 1–10 cm in size are orbiting the Earth. The loss of satellites due to space debris has already occurred. In addition, changes in the atmospheric density of space can alter the orbits of satellites; 40 Starlink satellites fell into the atmosphere due to atmospheric density changes caused by solar flares in 2022.

Space information is acquired through communications between satellites and ground stations, but communications using radio waves are greatly affected by the plasma (ionosphere) in space. The ionosphere is especially true for countries in low-latitude regions with large plasma densities. In order to prevent the loss of satellites due to atmospheric drag by atmospheric density fluctuations and communication failures due to plasma density fluctuations in the ionosphere, it is necessary to predict the variations of the atmosphere and plasma densities in space with high accuracy. The research is known as Space Weather. In recent years, research on predicting atmospheric and plasma density fluctuations using Artificial intelligence (AI) has become active, and the accuracy of these fluctuations has been improved. Space information and understanding the Earth’s environment are necessary for our prosperous future life and the Earth’s future, as well as sustainable space development.

Keywords: satellites, sustainable space development, artificial intelligence

AI Assisted Technology in Medical Industry

Abstracts:

AI has been developed and employed in many industries such as production, agriculture, and finance. Due to a lack of medical personnel, AI as an assisted technology has been introduced. Medical imaging related systems that is able to predict the tendency of patients having disease are integrated to the workflow. In ophthalmology, predicting a level of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) from photo fundus images, plateau iris from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, classifying diseases such as AMD, PCV, etc. from OCT images. In addition, radiologists also apply assisted technology to reduce the workload of reading chest X-ray. The performance of classifying abnormality from the chest X-ray is more than 90% accuracy. In the development of these technologies, data preparation and training processes are dependent on the image modality. In this talk, we will show the list assistive technologies in ophthalmology and radiology, especially brain CT. Also, some image processing techniques that can be applied will be presented.

Keywords: medical Industry, optical coherence tomography, chest X-ray

Human Activity Recognition using Inbuilt Smartphone Sensors and Smart Learning Algorithms

Abstracts:

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is a method of predicting an individual’s daily activities using sensors and optimal learning algorithms. HAR has been widely studied in the last two decades, and numerous types of machine and ensemble learning algorithms have been used for recognizing Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). This presentation exploits multiple shallow, ensemble and deep learning models for analyzing the best learning paradigm for sensor-based HAR systems. Generic frameworks with the inferences of different data collection modalities are also discussed for comprehensive understanding. Further, this presentation comprehensively explains a smartphone sensor-based HAR system utilizing accelerometer and gyroscope sensors at a 100 Hz sampling rate to collect time-series data for six ADLs: sitting, walking, standing, running, going upstairs, and going downstairs.

Keywords: Human Activity Recognition, Smart Learning Algorithms, Activities of Daily Living